Riccardo Maraspini
Research Groups
- Simon Alberti
- Jan Brugués
- Suzanne Eaton
- Anne Grapin-Botton
- Stephan Grill
- Michael Hiller
- Alf Honigmann
- Meritxell Huch
- Wieland Huttner
- Anthony Hyman
- Florian Jug
- Elisabeth Knust
- Moritz Kreysing
- Teymuras Kurzchalia
- Carl Modes
- Gene Myers
- André Nadler
- Caren Norden
- Gaia Pigino
- Jochen Rink
- Ivo Sbalzarini
- Andrej Shevchenko
- Jacqueline Tabler
- Dora Tang
- Pavel Tomancak
- Agnes Toth-Petroczy
- Nadine Vastenhouw
- Christoph Zechner
- Marino Zerial
Membrane Biophysics of Cells and Tissues
Biological membranes are fascinating composites of lipids, proteins and sugars. Our aim is to understand how these molecular components self-organize into meso-scale complexes that control fundamental biological processes such as adhesion, polarization and signaling / sensing.
To this end, we pursue a mutli-scale biophysical approach:
We use and develop 3D tissue culture in combination with microscopy techniques to study the formation of epithelial tissues and its apical cavities starting from single cells.
To develop a mechanistic understanding of the underlying molecular processes we aim to reconstitute the key organizing principles using in vitro membrane systems.
Projects:
Supramolecular Architecture of the Apical-Junctional-Complex
We combine 3D super-resolution STED microscopy with 3D cell culture to reconstruct the structure of the apical-junctional complex of mammalian epithelial cells. Based on STED imaging of ~20 different junctional proteins we are assembling a supra-molecular model of the APJ. Our model reveals and quantifies stratification of receptors, adapters, scaffolders and cell cortex components from the membrane towards the cytoplasm as well as the asymmetric distribution of polarity proteins along the apical basal axis. This work provides the structural basis to understand assembly of the junctional ring, its mechanical properties and its role in signalling and polarity.
Phase Separation of Lipids - Proteins & Compartmetalization
Simple lipid mixtures on its own already show fascinating self-organization behavior (phase separation, curvature, budding and fusion). However, in biological membranes regulation of structure and function arises from the interplay of proteins with lipids. The crux is these lipid-protein interactions are generally weak and transient which makes it very challenging to study. Even though transient and weak it is becoming more and more obvious that lipid protein interactions are the key for many regulatory processes in which specific protein complexes have to be formed for example upon stimuli during cell signaling. It is suspected that the composition of bio-membranes is specifically tuned to respond on these small stimuli with a local self-reorganization which induces and amplifies the (protein) function. Our goal is to understand the mechanisms which drive local self-reorganization in the membrane. We showed that pinning of membrane lipids and proteins by the cell cortex can induce local membrane reorganization dependent on the affinity of the pinning species.
Methodological and technical expertise
- Super-Resolution Microscopy (STED, SMLM)
- Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, Single Molecule Tracking
- Membrane labelling (lipids and proteins) in vivo and in vitro
- Micro-Patterning of Surfaces for Control of Cell Attachment, Signaling and Differentiation
- Reconstitution of Membrane Proteins in Model Membranes
